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What Does Certificate Management Mean? Certificate management is the process of managing digital security certificates. This includes processes such as: Creation Storage Dissemination Suspension Revocation Certificate authorities are responsible for certificate management and serve as a registration authority for subscriber certificates. Techopedia Explains Certificate Management Digital certificates are important for establishing trust and conforming to security protocols, so it follows that the management of such certificates is a very important process....

What Does E-commerce Remarketing Mean? E-commerce remarketing is an online marketing tactic or technique used to convince an online shopper to revisit a website to make a purchase that shopper recently failed to complete. E-commerce remarketing commonly occurs in response to online shopping cart abandonment. It is a form of conversion marketing in that it is a responsive marketing technique that attempts to invoke a desired consumer response. Techopedia Explains E-commerce Remarketing One form of e-commerce remarketing includes a conversion tactic such as a pop-up box, which asks online shoppers if they really want to leave the site before making a purchase final....

What Does Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) Mean? Exchangeable image file format (EXIF) is a specification that defines data pertaining to images, sounds and tags used in digital still cameras. EXIF was conceived by the Japan Electronics Industries Development Association (JEIDA) to support and standardize the type of information stored by a digital camera. Techopedia Explains Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF) An extension of the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image format, EXIF maintains the metadata for images and/or sounds that are captured or recorded from a digital camera....

What Does First Normal Form (1NF) Mean? First normal form (1NF) sets the fundamental rules for database normalization and relates to a single table within a relational database system. Normalization follows three basic steps, each building on the last. The first of these is the first normal form. The first normal form states that: Every column in the table must be unique Separate tables must be created for each set of related data Each table must be identified with a unique column or concatenated columns called the primary key No rows may be duplicated no columns may be duplicated no row/column intersections contain a null value no row/column intersections contain multivalued fields Techopedia Explains First Normal Form (1NF) The first step in confirming 1NF is modifying multivalued columns to make sure that each column in a table does not take more than one entry....

What Does Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Mean? Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) is a networking technique in which multiple data signals are combined for simultaneous transmission via a shared communication medium. FDM uses a carrier signal at a discrete frequency for each data stream and then combines many modulated signals. When FDM is used to allow multiple users to share a single physical communications medium (i.e. not broadcast through the air), the technology is called frequency-division multiple access (FDMA)....

What Does HomePNA (HPNA) Mean? HomePNA (HPNA) is a network technology that uses coax wiring and cabling to operate home telephones and jacks. The HPNA Alliance is an open industry alliance of leading technology companies, service providers and original equipment manufacturers (OEM). HPNA is formerly known as the Home Phoneline Networking Alliance. Techopedia Explains HomePNA (HPNA) HPNA facilitates open and international interoperability standards for all home networked Internet Protocol (IP) data....

What Does Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Mean? Interactive voice response (IVR) is a technology that allows humans to interact with computers using voice or a dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) signaling keypad. IVR allows customers to find answers to their own inquiries by speaking (using the company’s speech recognition software) or giving inputs via a telephone keypad. IVR uses prerecorded and dynamically generated audio to interact with customers. The key benefit to IVR systems is that they can handle large volumes of calls, where only simple interactions are required....

What Does Kerberos Mean? Kerberos is a network protocol that uses secret-key cryptography to authenticate client-server applications. Kerberos requests an encrypted ticket via an authenticated server sequence to use services. The protocol gets its name from the three-headed dog (Kerberos, or Cerberus) that guarded the gates of Hades in Greek mythology. Techopedia Explains Kerberos Kerberos was developed by Project Athena - a joint project between the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Digital Equipment Corporation and IBM that ran between 1983 and 1991....

What Does Network Scanning Mean? Network scanning refers to the use of a computer network to gather information regarding computing systems. Network scanning is mainly used for security assessment, system maintenance, and also for performing attacks by hackers. Techopedia Explains Network Scanning Network scanning consists of network port scanning as well as vulnerability scanning. Network port scanning refers to the method of sending data packets via the network to a computing system’s specified service port numbers (for example, port 23 for Telnet, port 80 for HTTP and so on)....

What Does Play Mechanics Mean? Play mechanics are the rules that govern the gameplay within a video game. Play mechanics dictate what the actions the users can carry out within the game environment as well as how the game’s artificial intelligence (AI) can react to a user’s actions. Play mechanics differ greatly according to the genre of game being played. Techopedia Explains Play Mechanics Play mechanics control everything from how high a character can jump in a fighting game to how many units you can field in a strategy game....

What Does Presence Mean? Presence is a service that stores, accepts and distributes information on whether someone is available to communicate over a network. Presence service can be applied as a single server or have an internal structure involving multiple servers and proxies.Presence may also be referred to as presence informatin. Techopedia Explains Presence The most common example of presence is the status messages presented for users in an instant messaging system, which may read “available”, “busy”, “offline” or “out to lunch”, among other statuses....

What Does Software Agent Mean? A software agent is an piece of software that functions as an agent for a user or another program, working autonomously and continuously in a particular environment. It is inhibited by other processes and agents, but is also able to learn from its experience in functioning in an environment over a long period of time. Techopedia Explains Software Agent Software agents offer various benefits to end users by automating repetitive tasks....

Spice is a prominent item throughout the Star Wars franchise, but they aren’t the typical ingredient used in a kitchen. Instead, this additive is smuggled or sought after by criminals around the galaxy. So, what is spice in Star Wars? To answer this question, we’ll need to look at the history of this mysterious element. What Spice Is in Star Wars Spice in the Star Wars universe is an illicit substance, otherwise known as a drug....

What Does iPad Mean? An iPad is a tablet PC designed by Apple Inc. The iPad features a 9.7-inch touch screen that users can interact with directly through finger strokes. This portable device can be used for browsing the Web, listening to music, watching movies, reading e-books and playing games, among other things. The most notable features of the iPad are its vibrant display, long battery life (it can play a 10-hour video nonstop), and massive number of applications....

In the new Star Wars show Andor an important area of the galaxy is the Preox-Morlana Corporate Zone. The relationship between the Empire and the Preox-Molana Corporation is different from how the Empire normally operates in the Galaxy. To aid in your understanding of the show, here’s everything you need to know on what the Preox-Morlana Corporate Zone in Star Wars Andor is. Preox-Morlana Corporate Zone in Andor Explained The reason that there isn’t direct Imperial involvement in the events of the first few Andor episodes is that the show takes place in the Corporate Sector: a large area of the Galaxy where companies are in charge....

What Does Unicode Mean? Unicode is a modern standard for text representation that defines each of the letters and symbols commonly used in today’s digital and print media. Unicode has become the top standard for identifying characters in text in nearly any language. Techopedia Explains Unicode Developed in the 1980s, Unicode represented a step toward a more global strategy for text representation than the previously used American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)....

Since 2012, the fictional Horizon Festival has brought virtual crowds together in the Forza universe for great music and fast cars in hot locations around the world. It’s been three years since the start of the latest festival in Horizon 4‘s UK, making it the longest supported festival in the series. Playground Games, the masterminds behind the event, have been steadily cranking out new content every few weeks. But fans are noticing that recent updates have become a little lightweight in recent months....

Today, free-to-play ARPG Diablo Immortal from developer Activision Blizzard launched earlier than expected. Only the mobile version is currently live, though, with the title sitting comfortably at the #1 spot on the iOS’ App Store and Android’s Google Play. While it is exciting that anyone can jump on board and see what the game is all about now, you need to make sure you have the right amount of phone space to download and install it....

Dead by Daylight surprises fans by announcing a new dating simulator, Hooked on You, which features romanticized versions of the killers within the universe. The Sixth Anniversary Broadcast states that this idea came from fans during an official community survey about what they want next for the game. If you want to know when this dating simulator is coming out, here is when Hooked on You: A Dead by Daylight Dating Sim will be released....

Wondering when Sojourn is coming to Overwatch 2’s PvP beta? Then you’re in the right place as this guide will explain everything you need to know about the Hero’s release date, and how you can sign up to the OW2 PvP beta, so you can try her yourself. Overwatch 2’s beta is just around the corner, set to go live later this month. To hype players up even more, developer Activision Blizzard has revealed what players can expect when they load up the beta for the first time when it launches, and that, fortunately, includes new Hero Sojourn....