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What Does Penetration Testing (Pen-Testing) Mean? Penetration testing (pen-testing or pentesting) is a method of testing, measuring and enhancing established security measures on information systems and support areas. Pen-testing is also known as a security assessment. Techopedia Explains Penetration Testing (Pen-Testing) Pen-testing may be conducted to complement background investigations and ensure social engineering and networking safety. Pen-testing is implemented by simulating malicious attacks from an organization’s internal and external users. The entire system is then analyzed for potential vulnerabilities....

What Does Piggyback Email Mean? Piggyback email is an online marketing term that refers to third-party advertisements placed in emails targeted to opt-in email subscriber lists. The targeted subscribers normally belong to the demographic the third party seeks to reach with its advertising. Techopedia Explains Piggyback Email A piggyback email with a third-party advertisement is emailed to an opt-in subscriber list from the list owner, rather than the advertiser. However, the advertiser’s email address is displayed to email recipients to facilitate communications....

What Does Proprietary Software Mean? Proprietary software is any software that is copyrighted and bears limits against use, distribution and modification that are imposed by its publisher, vendor or developer. Proprietary software remains the property of its owner/creator and is used by end-users/organizations under predefined conditions. Techopedia Explains Proprietary Software Proprietary software is primarily commercial software that can be bought, leased or licensed from its vendor/developer. In general, proprietary software doesn’t provide end users or subscribers with access to its source code....

What Does Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) Mean? The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (also abbreviated SOX), is a US Federal law enacted on July 30, 2002 that set a broad range of new standards for public companies, boards and accounting firms. It establishes a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) to oversee the auditors of public companies. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act does not apply to privately held companies. The Act also goes by the titles: Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act by the US Senate; Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act by the US House of Representatives; and is also commonly referred to as Sarbanes–Oxley or Sarbox....

What Does Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) Mean? A serial advanced technology attachment (serial ATA, SATA or S-ATA) is a computer bus interface used to connect host bus adapters with mass storage devices like optical drives and hard drives. This interface is commonly used to connect hard disk drives to a host system such as a computer motherboard. SATA is an update to the parallel signaling (parallel ATA or PATA) standard of the 1980s used for enhanced integrated drive electronics (EIDE) and the earlier integrated drive electronics (IDE)....

What Does Stealth Virus Mean? A stealth virus is a hidden computer virus that attacks operating system processes and averts typical anti-virus or anti-malware scans. Stealth viruses hide in files, partitions and boot sectors and are adept at deliberately avoiding detection. Stealth virus eradication requires advanced anti-virus software or a clean system reboot. Techopedia Explains Stealth Virus Stealth viruses hide altered computer data and other harmful control functions in system memory and self-copy to undetectable computer areas, effectively tricking anti-virus software....

What Does Telecommunications Equipment Mean? Techopedia Explains Telecommunications Equipment Public switching equipment - analog and digital equipment Transmission equipment - transmission lines, base transceiver stations, multiplexers, satellites, etc. Customer premises equipment - private switches, modems, routers, etc.

What Does Attenuation-to-Crosstalk Ratio (ACR) Mean? The attenuation to crosstalk ratio (ACR) is the difference between attenuation and crosstalk at a given frequency along cables. It is measured in decibels and is a calculation used in networking transmissions in order to ensure that signals transmitted across twisted pair cables are stronger at the receiving end than interference signals imposed on the pair by crosstalk from adjacent pairs. The attenuation-to-crosstalk ratio may also be called head room....

Call of Duty Modern Warfare 2 has many upcoming new game modes and Raid is one of them. Players are excited for the new modes announced on the Tweet by the developers. Not only is there two-player missions in Spec Ops but also some information available for Raids. So in this guide let us learn everything known so far about the new Raid mode in CoD MW2. What is the Raid Mode in Modern Warfare 2?...

What Does User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Mean? User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is part of the Internet Protocol suite used by programs running on different computers on a network. UDP is used to send short messages called datagrams but overall, it is an unreliable, connectionless protocol. UDP is officially defined in RFC 768 and was formulated by David P. Reed. Techopedia Explains User Datagram Protocol (UDP) User datagram protocol is an open systems interconnection (OSI) transport layer protocol for client- server network applications....

What Does Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Mean? Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is a network management protocol that is used to increase the availability of default gateway servicing hosts on the same subnet. VRRP improves the reliability and performance of the host network by enabling a virtual router to act as the default gateway for that network. Techopedia Explains Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Network performance is improved by dynamically assigning one of the virtual routers as a default gateway using a VRRP election algorithm....

What Does Volatile Mean? Volatile is a keyword within the java programming language that specifies that a member variable associated with a class can be altered asynchronously by multiple threads. The volatile keyword in the code acts as a modifier when a member is declared. Keywords are fundamentally reserved words with a distinct meaning in the context of a compiler. Techopedia Explains Volatile The volatile keyword ensures that each read access to a member variable returns the most recent value of it....

What Does Zend Framework (ZF) Mean? The Zend Framework (ZF) is an open-source framework for creating object-oriented Web applications using PHP 5. The goal of the framework is to simplify the development of Web applications using object-oriented processes that allow the creation of extensible classes and objects and to promote best practices for building Web 2.0 Web services and applications. Techopedia Explains Zend Framework (ZF) The Zend Framework is also considered as a component library because of its collection of loosely coupled components that developers can make use of independently, more or less....

After axing Brooklyn Nine-Nine (which was then resurrected elsewhere) Fox cancelled another long-running comedy, The Last Man On Earth, after four seasons. The series was a high-concept comedy from Will Forte, who also starred as Phil “Tandy” Miller. Fans were naturally upset at news of the show’s premature death, and creator Will Forte has been discussing where season 5 would have taken his band of survivors, via Vulture and Deadline....

Team Fortress 2 has had more longevity than pretty much anyone could have imagined. The game came out in 2007, which means that players have been trading funny little hats for nearly 12 years. Sure, the game’s not exactly at the apex of its popularity anymore, but the fact that it’s still remotely relevant after over a decade online is nothing to sneeze at. So it was a bit surprising today when the news leaked about a potential Team Fortress 3 being in development....

Since there are so many worlds in the Sims universe, it can be challenging to locate certain areas on the map, especially with the addition of expansion pack neighborhoods. But, if you are here, you are probably wondering, where is the hospital in The Sims 4? To help you with this issue, we’ll show you this building’s location and how to interact with it. Where Is the Hospital in The Sims 4?...

Ghostwire Tokyo hit the shelves on 25th March 2022 for PlayStation 5 and PC. The game is from acclaimed Japanese studio Tango Gameworks, who were responsible for the two excellent Evil Within horror games, and published by Bethesda Softworks, who launched its first PS5 exclusive Deathloop in 2021. While Ghostwire Tokyo has horror and supernatural elements to its story and gameplay, it’s mostly an action adventure title. The story has you find a deserted Tokyo where the only living beings are ghost-like creatures known as ‘visitors’....

What Does Photovoltaic Cell (PV Cell) Mean? A photovoltaic cell is a specialized semiconductor diode electronic device that converts light energy into electrical energy using various chemical and physical phenomena. This type of cell is technically very similar to the photoelectric cell, as both change their electrical characteristics, such as the current, voltage or resistance, when exposed to light. Techopedia Explains Photovoltaic Cell (PV Cell) Photovoltaic cells do not necessarily need sunlight to convert light into electrical energy; in fact, it can also convert an artificial source of light into electrical energy....

What Does Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) Mean? A superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) is a very sensitive device for measuring weak magnetic fields. It is capable of measuring magnetic fields as low as 5 aT (5×10-18 T). Due to their sensitivity, SQUIDs are widely used in research, biological studies and other ultrasensitive electronic and magnetic measurements where faint signals cannot be sensed using conventional measurement instruments. Techopedia Explains Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) A SQUID is constructed of a superconducting loop containing one or more Josephson junctions....

What Does Token Bus Network Mean? A token bus network is much like a token-ring network except that the ends of the network do not meet to form the ring. Instead, the network is still terminated at both ends. Techopedia Explains Token Bus Network Token bus networks are similar in concept to token ring networks in essence but different in practice. For one, it uses a different topology, a bus topology, and the method for passing tokens is different....